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Professor WU Lian-zhong's experience in treating spasmodic torticollis by Kaiqiao Shunjin method (resuscitation and regulating muscle) is summarized in this paper. The pathogenesis of spasmodic torticollis is the occluded brain orifices and delirium, qi disorder of meridian tendons, specifically divided into five categories: damp-heat, liver-yang hyperactivity, liver-kidney yin deficiency, deficiency of the governor vessel, excess of the governor vessel. The treatment should be based on the symptoms and the root causes, the symptoms should be the main treatment, and the root cause should be treated based on syndrome differentiation. The main treatment is Kaiqiao Shunjin method (resuscitation and regulating muscle), and to take the chief (five heart acupoints-Shuigou [GV 26], Laogong [PC 8], Yongquan [KI 1]), deputy (Yintang [GV 24+], Shangxing [GV 23] through Baihui [GV 20], Ximen [PC 4]), assistant (Fenglong [ST 40], Lianquan [CV 23], combined with tongue needle prick), envoy (Hanyan [GB 4]) as the basic main acupoints, at the same time cooperate with local acupoints to remove knots and accumulation. Finally, syndrome differentiation is adopted to dredge meridians and disperse knots, regulate the governor vessel, and nourish yin and dispel wind.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy/history , Meridians , Needles , Syndrome , Torticollis/therapyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate apoptotic effects of berberine, a significant alkaloids component existing in Rhizoma coptidis, and its possible acting mechanism in insulinoma cells.@*METHODS@#Different concentrations of berberine were used to treat mouse insulinoma (MIN6) cells for various period of time. The viability and apoptosis of the cells were analyzed using methylthiazolyldiphenvl-tetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay. Changes in the relating pro- and anti-apoptosis proteins were detected by western-blotting.@*RESULTS@#The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) of berberine was 5.7 μmol/L on MIN6 cells viability for 16 h. Berberine caused a 20% reduction (P<0.05) in cell number after only 4-h incubation; which reached 50% after 24 h (P<0.01). Berberine treatment for 16 h significantly increased the level of DNA fragmentation. The flow cytometry showed the apoptotic rate increased 2.9- and 4.6-fold after treating with berberine (5 μmol/L) for 8 and 16 h, while 3- and 8.7-fold after 10 μmol/L treatment for 8 and 16 h (P<0.01). Berberine treatment dramatically elevated the expression ratio of Bax to Bcl-2. Meanwhile, berberine notably increased the apoptosis-inducing factors and cytochrome C transforming from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) was subsequently activated after cytochrome C release. Furthermore, caspase-3 and poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase were also activated to trigger apoptosis cascade.@*CONCLUSION@#High concentration (5 and 10 μmol/L) of berberine could induce the apoptosis of MIN6 cells through cytochrome C/Apaf-1/caspase-3 and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) pathway.
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Objective@#To study the correlation between the level of T-bet expression and liver damage in peripheral plasma cells of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in order to provide reference for the study of pathogenesis and development of diseases.@*Methods@#The peripheral venous blood and clinical examination data of 29 cases with AIH and 6 healthy volunteers were collected. The percentage of subpopulations of peripheral blood B cells and the proportion of T-bet+ cells in each subgroup were detected by flow cytometry. Plasma cells (CD19+CD10-CD27hiCD38hi), primary B cells (CD19+CD10-CD27-IgD+), transitional B cells (CD19+CD10+), and memory B cells (CD19+CD10-CD27+IgD-) were the included subsets of B cells. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, the proportion of B cells in peripheral blood subsets and IgG level, the proportion of T-bet+ cells in each subset and the proportion of T-bet+ plasma cells in each subset in B cells, the proportion of T-bet+ plasma cells and the level of serum ALT were analyzed for correlation analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using two independent sample t-tests and linear regression.@*Results@#The serum IgG level of AIH patients with abnormal ALT (19.47 ± 1.039)g/L was significantly higher than that of normal ALT patients (15.5 ± 1.069)g/L, and the difference was statistically significant (t = 2.65, P < 0.05). The percentage of peripheral plasma cells in B cells of AIH patients (2.80 ± 0.14) % was higher than that of healthy volunteers (0.73 ± 0.09) %, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The percentage of T-bet+ cells in peripheral plasma cells of AIH patients (23.54 ± 1.61) % was higher than that of healthy volunteers (6.59±0.59) % , and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The correlation analysis showed that the proportion of T-bet+ cells in peripheral plasma cells of AIH patients was positively correlated with the proportion of plasma cells to B cells (r = 0.224 7, P < 0.01), and the percentage of peripheral plasma cells to B cells was positively correlated with the level of serum IgG (r = 0.299 1, P < 0.01). Serum IgG level was correlated with the level of ALT, reflecting an indicator of liver damage (t = 2.65, P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#The increase of T-bet expression in the peripheral plasma cells of AIH patients is associated with liver damage, which is a new mechanism of AIH pathogenesis and disease progression.
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Objective@#To explore the improvement rate of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection who received entecavir alone or in combination with anluohuaxianwan for 78 weeks.@*Methods@#Patients with chronic HBV infection were randomly treated with entecavir alone or in combination with anluohuaxian for 78 weeks. Ishak fibrosis score was used for blind interpretation of liver biopsy specimens. The improvement in liver fibrosis condition before and after the treatment was compared. Student's t test and non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney U-Test and Kruskal-Wallis test) were used to analyze the measurement data. The categorical variables were analyzed by Chi-square test method and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to test bivariate associations.@*Results@#Liver fibrosis improvement rate after 78 weeks of treatment was 36.53% (80/219) and the progression rate was 23.29% (51/219). The improvement of liver fibrosis was associated to the degree of baseline fibrosis and treatment methods (P < 0.05). The improvement rate of hepatic fibrosis in patients treated with anluohuaxianwan combined with entecavir at baseline F < 3 (54.74%, 52/95) was significantly higher than that in patients treated only with entecavir (33.33%, 16/48), P = 0.016 and the progression rate of hepatic fibrosis (13.68%, 13/95) was lower than that in patients treated alone (18.75%, 9/48), P = 0.466. In patients with baseline F < 3, the proportion of patients with improved and stable liver fibrosis in the combined treatment group (68.1%, 32/47) was higher than that in the treatment group alone (51.7%, 15/29).@*Conclusion@#Combined anluohuaxianwan and entecavir treatment can significantly improve the improvement rate of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Furthermore, it has the tendency to improve the stability rate and reduce the rate of progression of liver fibrosis.
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Objective To dertermine the content of gallic acid, methyl gallate and ellagic acid in galls of Quercus infectoria Olivier from different batches by HPLC. Methods The chromatogram colume was Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm), gradiently eluting with methanol as mobile phase A and 0.01% phosphoric acid as B at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The injection volumn was 5 μl. Detection wavelength was at 258 nm. Results Gallic acid was linear in the range of 0.0318-0.1871 g/L with correlation coefficient of 0.9994. The average recovery was 97.52% with RSD 1.41%. Methyl gallate was linear in the range of 0.0769-0.4612 g/L with correlation coefficient of 0.9994. The average recovery was 99.15% with RSD at 1.46%. Ellagic acid was linear in the range of 0.0158-0.0553 g/L with correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The average recovery was 102.75% with RSD at 0.87%. Conclusion The method is convenient, fast, accurate and practicable, and can be used for controling the quality of the galls of Q. infectoria.
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Objective To evaluate the safety and epidemiological effects on the first mass vaccination program, using the China-made A (H1N1) influenza vaccine. Methods Descriptive epidemiology and cohort study design were used to assess the influenza A H1N1 vaccine on its safety and epidemiological effects. Results 95 244 subjects were immunized with A (H1N1) influenza vaccine. 193 adverse events were reported through AEFI Management System, with the Reported rates after immunization was carried out. Of 81 adverse reactions confirmed to be related to immunization,reported through the AEFI Management System. The epidemiological protection rate of A (H1N1)influenza vaccine showed a similar safety profile to seasonal flu vaccine. The vaccine demonstrated a good epidemiological effects against A (H1N1) influenza virus infection.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the safety of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) vaccine based on mass immunization initiative in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>There were 2 113 280 people were vaccinated during September to December 2009. The information of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) was collected through surveillance system, and descriptive methodology was used for data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A Total of 612 AEFI cases were reported, among which there were 321 vaccine reaction cases following immunization, 203 coincidental illness cases, 82 psychogenic reaction cases, and 6 pending cases. The rates of rare reactions and common reactions associated with vaccination were respectively 5.54/100 000 (117/2 113 280) and 9.65/100 000 (204/2 113 280). The rate of serious rare reaction was 0.19/100 000 (4/2 113 280). The rates of vaccine reactions in urban, suburb and county were 16.87/100 000 (36/213 519), 17.81/100 000 (187/1 049 817) and 11.53/100 000 (98/849 944), respectively. The rates of rare reaction and common reaction in different age groups were between 3.65/100 000 (6/164 604) to 8.99/100 000 (27/300 176), and between 0.61/100 000 (1/164 604) to 22.06/100 000 (85/385 275). The 117 rear vaccine reaction cases were mainly allergic reaction (107 cases), and the 204 common vaccine reaction cases were mainly fever (176 cases). There were 91.90% (295/321) vaccine reactions occurred within 24 hours of administration, and all cases had improved consequence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mostly symptoms of AEFI cases during the period of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) vaccinoprophylaxis were anaphylaxis and fever. The types of adverse reactions and the level of serious events are consistent with the anticipation. There were no rear or new events occurred.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China , Epidemiology , Fever , Hypersensitivity , Epidemiology , Immunization , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Influenza Vaccines , Influenza, Human , Epidemiology , Mass Vaccination , Population SurveillanceABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigated the relationship between the serum levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines and the progress of viral hepatitis C and the outcome of interferon therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum cytokine detection used the method of ELISA. HCV genotype were classified by direct sequencing. HCV RNA loads were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of IL-2 and TGF-beta in serum of patients with chronic hepatitis C were lower hut IL-5 was higher than those of normal control. The level of IL-6 was positively related to the sera level of ALT and was negatively related to sera HCV RNA load. Patients of HCV genotype 1 had higher sera quantities of IL-6 than those of genotype 2 and patients of genotype 2a had lower sera quantities of IL-2 than those of 2b. The levels of IL-2 had the tendency to decrease whereas IL-6 had the tendency to increase when time went on. The level of TGF-beta increased at early phase but decrease later. There were no difference of all cytokines detected between the groups of response and nonresponse before interferon therapy, hut the quantity of serum IFN-gamma were increased after interferon therapy in the response group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The tested cytokines co-participate in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C and have the relationship with the clinical manifestations of the patients. There were no correlation between the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines in the serum before IFN treatment and the result of IFN therapy. Increasing IFN-gamma in the serum induced by IFN treatment is associated with sustained virological response.</p>